Crucifixion
Luke 23:27 And there followed him a great company of people, and of women, which also bewailed and lamented him. 28 But Jesus turning unto them said, Daughters of Jerusalem, weep not for me, but weep for yourselves, and for your children. 29 For, behold, the days are coming, in the which they shall say, Blessed are the barren, and the wombs that never bare, and the paps which never gave suck [1]. 30 Then shall they begin to say to the mountains, Fall on us; and to the hills, Cover us [2]. 31 For if they do these things in a green tree, what shall be done in the dry? 32 And there were also two other, malefactors, led with him to be put to death.
| Mark 15:22 And they bring him unto the place Golgotha, which is, being interpreted, The place of a skull. | Matt 27:33 And when they were come unto a place called Golgotha, that is to say, a place of a skull, | Luke 23:33a And when they were come to the place, which is called Calvary, | John 19:17b... went forth into a place called the place of a skull, which is called in the Hebrew Golgotha: |
| Mark 15:23 And they gave him to drink wine mingled with myrrh:but he received it not. | Matt 27:34 They gave him vinegar to drink mingled with gall [3] :and when he had tasted thereof, he would not drink. | ||
| Mark 15:25 And it was the third hour, and they crucified him. [4] | Matt 27:35a And they crucified him, | Luke 23:33b there they crucified him, | John 19:18a Where they crucified him, |
Luke 23:34a Then said Jesus, Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do.
| Mark 15:24 And when they had crucified him, they parted his garments, casting lots upon them, what every man should take. | Matt 27:35b and parted his garments, casting lots: | Luke 23:34b And they parted his raiment, and cast lots. | John 19:23 Then the soldiers, when they had crucified Jesus, took his garments, and made four parts, to every soldier a part; and also his coat: now the coat was without seam, woven from the top throughout. 24a They said therefore among themselves, Let us not rend it, but cast lots for it, whose it shall be: |
| Matt 27:35c that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophet [5], They parted my garments among them, and upon my vesture did they cast lots. | John 19:24b that the scripture might be fulfilled, which saith [5], They parted my raiment among them, and for my vesture they did cast lots. These things therefore the soldiers did. | ||
| Matt 27:36 And sitting down they watched him there; | Luke 23:36 And the soldiers also mocked him, coming to him, and offering him vinegar, 37 And saying, If thou be the king of the Jews, save thyself. | ||
| Mark 15:26 And the superscription of his accusation was written over, THE KING OF THE JEWS. | Matt 27:37 And set up over his head his accusation written, THIS IS JESUS THE KING OF THE JEWS. | Luke 23:38 And a superscription also was written over him in letters of Greek, and Latin, and Hebrew, THIS IS THE KING OF THE JEWS. | John 19:19 And Pilate wrote a title, and put it on the cross. And the writing was, JESUS OF NAZARETH THE KING OF THE JEWS. 20 This title then read many of the Jews: for the place where Jesus was crucified was nigh to the city: and it was written in Hebrew, and Greek, and Latin. |
John 19:21 Then said the chief priests of the Jews to Pilate, Write not, The King of the Jews; but that he said, I am King of the Jews. 22 Pilate answered, What I have written I have written.
| Mark 15:27 And with him they crucify two thieves; the one on his right hand, and the other on his left. 28 And the scripture was fulfilled [6], which saith, And he was numbered with the transgressors. | Matt 27:38 Then were there two thieves crucified with him, one on the right hand, and another on the left. | Luke 23:33c [7] and [they also crucified] the malefactors, one on the right hand, and the other on the left. | John 19:18b and two other with him, on either side one, and Jesus in the midst. | |||
| Mark 15:29 And they that passed by railed on him, wagging their heads, and saying, Ah, thou that destroyest the temple, and buildest it in three days, 30 Save thyself, and come down from the cross [8]. | Matt 27:39 And they that passed by reviled him, wagging their heads, 40 And saying, Thou that destroyest the temple, and buildest it in three days, save thyself. If thou be the Son of God, come down from the cross [8]. | Luke 23:35a And the people stood beholding. | |
| Mark 15:31 Likewise also the chief priests mocking said among themselves with the scribes, He saved others; himself he cannot save. 32a Let Christ the King of Israel descend now from the cross, that we may see and believe. | Matt 27:41 Likewise also the chief priests mocking him, with the scribes and elders, said, 42 He saved others; himself he cannot save. If he be the King of Israel, let him now come down from the cross, and we will believe him. 43 He trusted in God; let him deliver him now, if he will have him: for he said, I am the Son of God. | Luke 23:35b And the rulers also with them derided him, saying, He saved others; let him save himself, if he be Christ, the chosen of God. | |
| Matt 27:44 The thieves also, which were crucified with him, cast the same in his teeth. | Mark 15:32b And they that were crucified with him reviled him. | Luke 23:39 And one of the malefactors which were hanged railed on him, saying, If thou be Christ, save thyself and us. | |
| Luke 23:40 But the other answering rebuked him, saying, Dost not thou fear God, seeing thou art in the same condemnation? 41 And we indeed justly; for we receive the due reward of our deeds: but this man hath done nothing amiss. 42 And he said unto Jesus, Lord, remember me when thou comest into thy kingdom. | |||
| Luke 23:43 And Jesus said unto him, Verily I say unto thee, To day shalt thou be with me in paradise. | |||
John 19:25 Now there stood by the cross of Jesus his mother, and his mother's sister, Mary [9] the wife of Cleophas, and Mary Magdalene. 26 When Jesus therefore saw his mother, and the disciple standing by, whom he loved, he saith unto his mother, Woman, behold thy son! 27 Then saith he to the disciple, Behold thy mother! And from that hour that disciple took her unto his own home.
| Mark 15:33 And when the sixth hour was come, there was darkness over the whole land until the ninth hour. | Matt 27:45 Now from the sixth hour there was darkness over all the land unto the ninth hour. | Luke 23:44 And it was about the sixth hour, and there was a darkness over all the earth until the ninth hour. | |
| Mark 15:34 And at the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani? which is, being interpreted, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? [10] | Matt 27:46 And about the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani? that is to say, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? [10] | ||
| Mark 15:35 And some of them that stood by, when they heard it, said, Behold, he calleth Elias. | Matt 27:47 Some of them that stood there, when they heard that, said, This man calleth for Elias. | ||
John 19:28 After this, Jesus knowing that all things were now accomplished, that the scripture might be fulfilled, saith, I thirst.
| Mark 15:36 And one ran and filled a spunge full of vinegar, and put it on a reed, and gave him to drink, saying, Let alone; let us see whether Elias will come to take him down. | Matt 27:48 And straightway one of them ran, and took a spunge, and filled it with vinegar, and put it on a reed, and gave him to drink. 49 The rest said, Let be, let us see whether Elias will come to save him. | John 19:29 Now there was set a vessel full of vinegar: and they filled a spunge with vinegar, and put it upon hyssop, and put it to his mouth. | |||
| Mark 15:37 And Jesus cried with a loud voice, and gave up the ghost. | Matt 27:50 Jesus, when he had cried again with a loud voice, yielded up the ghost. | Luke 23:46 And when Jesus had cried with a loud voice, he said, Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit [11] :and having said thus, he gave up the ghost. | John 19:30 When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is finished [12] :and he bowed his head, and gave up the ghost. | ||
| Mark 15:38 And the veil of the temple was rent in twain from the top to the bottom. | Matt 27:51a And, behold, the veil of the temple was rent in twain from the top to the bottom; | Luke 23:45 [13] And the sun was darkened, and the veil of the temple was rent in the midst. | |||
Matt 27:51b and the earth did quake, and the rocks rent; 52 And the graves were opened; and many bodies of the saints which slept arose, 53 And came out of the graves after his resurrection, and went into the holy city, and appeared unto many.
| Mark 15:39 And when the centurion, which stood over against him, saw that he so cried out, and gave up the ghost, he said, Truly this man was the Son of God. | Matt 27:54 Now when the centurion, and they that were with him, watching Jesus, saw the earthquake, and those things that were done, they feared greatly, saying, Truly this was the Son of God. | Luke 23:47 Now when the centurion saw what was done, he glorified God, saying, Certainly this was a righteous man. |
Luke 23:48 And all the people that came together to that sight, beholding the things which were done, smote their breasts, and returned.
| Mark 15:40 There were also women looking on afar off [14]: among whom was Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James the less and of Joses, and Salome; 41 (Who also, when he was in Galilee, followed him, and ministered unto him;) and many other women which came up with him unto Jerusalem. | Matt 27:55 And many women were there beholding afar off[14], which followed Jesus from Galilee, ministering unto him: 56 Among which was Mary Magdalene, and Mary the mother of James and Joses, and the mother of Zebedee's children. | Luke 23:49 And all his acquaintance, and the women that followed him from Galilee, stood afar off[14], beholding these things. |
John 19:31 The Jews therefore, because it was the preparation, that the bodies should not remain upon the cross on the sabbath day, (for that sabbath day was an high day,) besought Pilate that their legs might be broken, and that they might be taken away.
John 19:32 Then came the soldiers, and brake the legs of the first, and of the other which was crucified with him. 33 But when they came to Jesus, and saw that he was dead already, they brake not his legs: 34 But one of the soldiers with a spear pierced his side, and forthwith came there out blood and water [15]. 35 And he that saw it bare record, and his record is true: and he knoweth that he saith true, that ye might believe. 36 For these things were done, that the scripture should be fulfilled [16], A bone of him shall not be broken. 37 And again another scripture saith, They shall look on him whom they pierced [17].
[1]Compare Luke 23:29 to Matthew 24:19 and Luke 21:23.
[2]Hosea 10:8 The high places also of Aven, the sin of Israel, shall be destroyed: the thorn and the thistle shall come up on their altars; and they shall say to the mountains, Cover us; and to the hills, Fall on us.
[3]Psalms 69:21 They gave me also gall for my meat; and in my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink.
[4]Note that Mark 15:25 and 24 have been transposed.
[5]Psalms 22:16 For dogs have compassed me: the assembly of the wicked have inclosed me: they pierced my hands and my feet. 17 I may tell all my bones: they look and stare upon me. 18 They part my garments among them, and cast lots upon my vesture. This is part of a prayer for divine assistance from a terminally ill person.
[6]Isaiah 53:12 Therefore will I divide him a portion with the great, and he shall divide the spoil with the strong; because he hath poured out his soul unto death: and he was numbered with the transgressors; and he bare the sin of many, and made intercession for the transgressors. In this passage, Isaiah is speaking of Israel.
[7]Luke mentions the crucifixion of the thieves before the casting of lots.
[8]Psalms 22:7 All they that see me laugh me to scorn: they shoot out the lip, they shake the head, saying, 8 He trusted on the Lord that he would deliver him: let him deliver him, seeing he delighted in him (New Oxford Annotated Bible, p. 1237).
[9]It is interesting to note that the mother of Jesus, Mary, has a sister who is also named Mary.
[10]Psalms 22:1 My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? why art thou so far from helping me, and from the words of my roaring? This is part of a prayer for divine assistance from a terminally-ill person.
[11]Psalms 31:5 Into thine hand I commit my spirit: thou hast redeemed me, O Lord God of truth. From a prayer for refuge from one's enemies.
[12]Daniel 12:7 And I heard the man clothed in linen, which was upon the waters of the river, when he held up his right hand and his left hand unto heaven, and sware by him that liveth for ever that it shall be for a time, times, and an half; and when he shall have accomplished to scatter the power of the holy people, all these things shall be finished. Part of an answer to Daniel's question about when the end of the world will be.
[13]In Luke the veil of the temple tears before Jesus is dead.
[14]Psalms 38:11 My lovers and my friends stand aloof from my sore; and my kinsmen stand afar off (Interpreter's One-Volume Commentary, p.669). Part of a prayer for the healing of an illness.
[15]There are several possibilities for the origin of the "blood and water" passage, including: Exodus 4:9 And it shall come to pass, if they will not believe also these two signs, neither hearken unto thy voice, that thou shalt take of the water of the river, and pour it upon the dry land: and the water which thou takest out of the river shall become blood upon the dry land; Deuteronomy 12:16 Only ye shall not eat the blood; ye shall pour it upon the earth as water; or Psalms 79:3 Their blood have they shed like water round about Jerusalem; and there was none to bury them.
[16]Psalms 34:20 He keepeth all his bones: not one of them is broken. This is part of a prayer of thanks to God for deliverance from a problem.
[17]Zechariah 12:10 And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and of supplications: and they shall look upon me whom they have pierced, and they shall mourn for him, as one mourneth for his only son, and shall be in bitterness for him, as one that is in bitterness for his firstborn.
